Rather than considering the 'rights' of parents, children law talks of 'parental responsibility' for a child. If a child's parents were married when the child was born, both will have parental responsibility for the child. A father, who was not married to the child's mother when the child was born, will not automatically have parental responsibility but can acquire it by agreement with the child's mother or by applying to a court. From 1st December 2003 a father who is not married to the child's mother will acquire parental responsibility if he jointly registers the child's birth.
The Children Act 1989 is the main piece of legislation dealing with disputes about children. What used to be called 'custody' and 'access' are now known as 'residence' and 'contact'. The Children Act says that the child's welfare is the paramount consideration when the courts consider any question in relation to the upbringing of a child. When the Court make its decision it will apply what is known as the 'welfare checklist'
Questions and answers:
| Q.How do I get custody of my children? |
A.Custody is no longer a legal concept. It suggests ‘ownership’ of children and was abolished by the Children Act 1989. The law now considers a parent’s responsibility for their children and ‘parental responsibility’. The emphasis is on encouraging parents to agree arrangements for their children but where this is not possible there is a range of orders which can be made such as residence or contact orders. |
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| Q. I am being refused contact with my children. What can I do? |
A.There is the strongest of presumptions that it is in a child’s best interest to have regular and meaningful contact with both parents. Where one parent is obstructing contact the Court will order that person to allow contact in all but the most exceptional cases and make a contact order. |
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| Q.My ex-husband has not maintained contact or paid maintenance for our 3-year-old daughter since the age of 4 months and has now declared his wish to relinquish all parental responsibility to me. Please can you tell me whether this is possible and how I would go about doing this? He is prepared to sign any paperwork to this effect. |
| A.It is not possible to just give up parental responsibility for a child. It can only be removed by order of the court and it is going to be necessary for you to apply to the court for an order this person no longer has parental responsibility for your three-year-old. If an order is made your former husband should know that it does not affect his obligation to pay maintenance and support his daughter. |
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| Q.I have been divorced from my wife for 3 years. I now wish to apply for sole custody of my two school age children, as my ex-wife is an unfit mother. For financial reasons, I am keen to do as much of the preparatory work for my case myself. I would be grateful if you could advise me of the steps. |
| A.There is absolutely no reason why you cannot deal with this yourself as you intend. The procedure is quite straightforward although before proceeding you should make yourself away or of the criteria which the court takes into consideration when deciding these matters. Also be aware that the concept of custody of a Child no longer applies. Both you and your former wife have and will retain what is known as parental responsibility. The order you will be seeking is a residence order which will set out where your children are to live and who will have day to day care of do them. Application for a residence order is made on court form C1. |
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